Payment Rail
The infrastructure moving money between banks — ACH, SWIFT, RTP, FedNow, card networks. Each rail has different speed, cost, and geography. FinTech careers are built around modernizing, replacing, or layering on top of these rails.
Interchange
The fee a merchant's bank pays the cardholder's bank on every card transaction — typically 1.5–3.5% of the purchase. The economics of every card-linked FinTech product flow through interchange. Understanding it is foundational to payments, neobanking, and BNPL.
Open Banking / API Banking
Regulatory and technical frameworks that let licensed third parties access bank account data (with user consent) via APIs. Enabled by PSD2 in Europe and implemented commercially by firms like Plaid, Tink, and MX. The infrastructure layer beneath most B2B FinTech products.
KYC / AML
Know Your Customer and Anti-Money Laundering — the identity verification and transaction monitoring requirements every licensed financial institution must meet. Compliance with these rules is why RegTech and identity verification are among the fastest-growing FinTech sub-sectors.
Neobank / Challenger Bank
A fully digital bank with no physical branches — Chime, Revolut, Monzo, N26, Dave. Most operate on a BaaS (Banking-as-a-Service) infrastructure, meaning they partner with a licensed bank rather than holding their own charter. Their business model hinges on interchange and premium subscription revenue.
Digital Assets / Crypto
Assets that exist natively on a blockchain — Bitcoin (store of value), Ether (programmable money), and thousands of tokens with specific utility. Institutional adoption has moved from speculative to infrastructure: JPMorgan Onyx, BlackRock BUIDL, and Franklin Templeton all now operate on-chain products.
Stablecoin
A digital asset pegged to a fiat currency (typically USD) — USDC (Circle), USDT (Tether), PYUSD (PayPal). Used for cross-border payments, DeFi collateral, and programmable treasury. Stablecoin transaction volume exceeded Visa's in 2024 at an $11T annual run rate.
Tokenization
Converting ownership rights in a real-world asset — real estate, Treasury bonds, private equity — into a blockchain token. BlackRock's BUIDL fund and Franklin Templeton's on-chain Treasury fund are live examples. The primary driver of private bank and institutional digital asset adoption today.
Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL)
Short-term installment credit offered at checkout — Affirm, Klarna, Afterpay (Block), Zip. Merchants pay a fee to offer it; consumers split purchases into 4 interest-free payments. BNPL has disrupted retail credit cards and is expanding into B2B invoice financing.
RegTech
Technology built to automate regulatory compliance — transaction monitoring, sanctions screening, KYC/AML workflows, reporting. Alloy, Sardine, Unit21, and ComplyAdvantage are leading vendors. Driven by rising compliance costs and a 2x increase in global financial crime fines since 2018.
BaaS (Banking-as-a-Service)
A model where a licensed bank (e.g., Bancorp, Sutton Bank, Cross River) provides its charter and core infrastructure via API to non-bank brands who build financial products on top. Powers most neobanks, embedded finance, and FinTech startups that aren't building their own bank charter.
Embedded Finance
Financial services (payments, lending, insurance) built into non-financial products — Shopify Capital, Uber Money, Lyft Direct. The "Stripe for X" model applied to insurance, lending, and banking. Expected to be a $7T market by 2030 as software companies become financial service providers.